Abstract
Hypokinesia and gravitational unloading lead to skeletal muscle atrophy resulting from alterations in the balance between anabolic and catabolic processes. Ubiquitin proteasome system plays a significant role in the process of protein breakdown in course of disuse atrophy. E3 ligases are essential components of this system. We analyzed changes in expression of E3 ligases MuRF-1 and MAFbx, as well as transcription factors FoxO3 and myogenin in rat soleus after 1 and 3 days of hindlimb unloading. We found that expression of E3 ligases was increased after 24 h of unloading, while phosphorylation of FoxO3 (S253) was decreased. However, the expression level of myogenin increased only 3 days after unloading. Our result suggests that earlier expression of MuRF-1 and MAFbx could be regulated by FoxO3, and that myogenin can also contribute to this process on the 3rd day of unloading
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