Abstract
Post-translational modifications (PTMs) of transcription factors play a crucial role in regulating metabolic homeostasis. These modifications include phosphorylation, methylation, acetylation, ubiquitination, SUMOylation, and O-GlcNAcylation. Recent studies have shed light on the importance of lysine acetylation at nonhistone proteins including transcription factors. Acetylation of transcription factors affects subcellular distribution, DNA affinity, stability, transcriptional activity, and current investigations are aiming to further expand our understanding of the role of lysine acetylation of transcription factors. In this review, we summarize recent studies that provide new insights into the role of protein lysine-acetylation in the transcriptional regulation of metabolic homeostasis.
Highlights
Chronic metabolic disorder has become a worldwide health problem, in parallel with the increasing incidence of obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) (Chen et al, 2012)
In the adaptation of eukaryotic cells to internal and external stimuli, transcription factors act as critical mediators coordinately regulating biological processes (Francis et al, 2003)
These transcription factors exert their actions by directly binding to cognate consensus sequences of target genes (Li et al, 2015). These transcription factors are subjected to post-translational modifications (PTMs) affecting their activity, stability, intracellular distribution, and interaction with other proteins (Nerlov, 2008)
Summary
Chronic metabolic disorder has become a worldwide health problem, in parallel with the increasing incidence of obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) (Chen et al, 2012). In the adaptation of eukaryotic cells to internal and external stimuli, transcription factors act as critical mediators coordinately regulating biological processes (Francis et al, 2003). In most cases, these transcription factors exert their actions by directly binding to cognate consensus sequences of target genes (Li et al, 2015). Many recent reviews have described the acetylation and deacetylation of nonhistone proteins, including transcription factors (Glozak et al, 2005; Wang et al, 2011; Choudhary et al, 2014), specific acetylation of the transcription factors associated with regulation of metabolic genes and its relevance to metabolic homeostasis have not been well described. We will limit our Regulation by transcription factor acetylation discussion to the relevance of acetylation of transcription factors (excluding nuclear receptors) involved in glucose and lipid metabolism
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