Abstract
The central nervous system (CNS) and the immune system are both intricate and highly organized systems that regulate the entire body, with both sharing certain common features in developmental mechanisms and operational modes. It is known that innate immunity-related molecules, such as cytokines, toll-like receptors, the complement family, and acquired immunity-related molecules, such as the major histocompatibility complex and antibody receptors, are also expressed in the brain and play important roles in brain development. Moreover, although the brain has previously been regarded as an immune-privileged site, it is known to contain lymphatic vessels. Not only microglia but also lymphocytes regulate cognition and play a vital role in the formation of neuronal circuits. This review provides an overview of the function of immune cells and immune molecules in the CNS, with particular emphasis on their effect on neural developmental processes.
Highlights
The central nervous system (CNS) and the immune system have much in common
The diversity of immunoglobulins is magnified by somatic hypermutation that occurs after the initiation of immune response and introduces point mutations into the rearranged variable region to enhance the reactivity to antigen
Emerging evidence suggests that an increasing number of molecules that are typically associated with the immune system are expressed in various CNS regions and play crucial roles in brain development
Summary
Edited by: Harold Cremer, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), France. The central nervous system (CNS) and the immune system are both intricate and highly organized systems that regulate the entire body, with both sharing certain common features in developmental mechanisms and operational modes. It is known that innate immunity-related molecules, such as cytokines, toll-like receptors, the complement family, and acquired immunity-related molecules, such as the major histocompatibility complex and antibody receptors, are expressed in the brain and play important roles in brain development. The brain has previously been regarded as an immune-privileged site, it is known to contain lymphatic vessels. Microglia and lymphocytes regulate cognition and play a vital role in the formation of neuronal circuits. This review provides an overview of the function of immune cells and immune molecules in the CNS, with particular emphasis on their effect on neural developmental processes
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