Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) remain a global pandemic and leading cause of deaths worldwide. While several guidelines have been developed to control the development of CVDs, its prevalence keeps on increasing until this day. Cardiovascular risk factors, such as reduced exercises and high fat or glucose diets, culminate in the development of the metabolic syndrome and eventually atherosclerosis, which is driven by high blood lipid and cholesterol levels, and by endothelial dysfunction. Late complications of atherosclerosis give rise to serious clinical cardiovascular manifestations such as myocardial infarction and hypertension. Therefore, endothelial functions and the lipid metabolism play critical roles in the pathogenesis of CVDs. Fatty acid-binding proteins are a family of intracellular proteins expressed in many cell types known mainly for their interaction with and trafficking of cellular lipids. The roles of a number of isoforms in this family have been implicated in lipid metabolic homeostasis, but their influence on endothelial function and vascular homeostasis remain largely unknown. This review’s purpose is to update fundamentals about the connection between cardiovascular disease, metabolism, endothelial function, and mainly the roles of fatty acid-binding proteins.
Highlights
Cardiovascular disease (CVD), remain the number one cause of global deaths, responsible for about 17.5 million deaths worldwide annually [1]
In order to strengthen the focus of current research on the fatty acid binding proteins family, we conduct this review to provide the relevant fundamentals on the interconnection between cardiovascular diseases, the metabolic syndrome, and the fatty acid binding proteins family
As endothelial dysfunction is a key mechanism of atherosclerosis and, an important target for CVDs, the endothelium lining of blood vessels is known for an extensive capacity of vascular homeostasis
Summary
Cardiovascular disease (CVD), remain the number one cause of global deaths, responsible for about 17.5 million deaths worldwide annually [1]. Endothelial dysfunction and hypercholesterolemia, among other disorders, are the driving mechanisms of atherosclerosis, which is the major cause of CVDs. clinical complications of the heart and blood vessels, such as myocardial infarction and peripheral artery disease, account for the majority of the morbidity/mortality associated with the metabolic syndrome. As the body’s lipid levels correlate with cardiovascular risk, fatty acid binding proteins are small intracellular proteins in many cell types responsible for the roles of lipid-trafficking. Many isoforms of this protein family have been identified and described for their shared mechanisms of interacting and binding with cytosolic lipids ligands for their escorts to coordinated sites of metabolism and signaling. This review will lay out what is currently known about endothelial metabolism and the pathophysiological role of fatty acid binding proteins in endothelial cells
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