Role of the blood-brain barrier in the establishment of the immmune response against polyoma virus-induced cerebral tumours in hamsters

Abstract

The existence of an immunological blood-brain barrier (BBB) is well established but its role in cerebral tumour immunology is less well defined. Attempting to clarify this problem we tested the graft rejection of polyoma virus-induced central nervous (CNS) tumours in hamsters after systematic or intracerebral immunization with polyoma virus. Animals were immunized by intracerebral or subcutaneous inoculations of polyoma virus before tumours were induced by intracerebral or intramuscular graft of polyoma transformed hamster neuroglial cells. The growth of cerebral and muscular tumours was significantly inhibited in animals immunized subcutaneously. In animals immunized intracerebrally the inhibition of growth was highly significant for cerebral tumours and only very slight for intramuscular tumours. These results suggest that the blood-brain barrier allowed immunocompetent effector cells to penetrate inside the CNS but prevented the locally elicited cell-mediated immune response from diffusing outside the CNS. The ability of the brain to develop a local immune response and the partial lack of circulation of immunocompetent cells to cross the BBB could be mainly responsible for the special immune status of the CNS and may greatly interfere with the establishment of an efficient immune response toward brain tumours.