Abstract
The tetragonal phase is an indispensable component that plays an important role in forming the morphotropic phase boundary. Herein, the piezoelectric behaviors are systematically investigated in various Pb/Bi-based tetragonal piezoelectric systems as a function of tetragonal distortion using in-situ high-energy synchrotron diffraction. It is found that the tetragonal distortion has a significant influence on piezoelectric properties through constraining the domain switching. Specifically, a critical value of (c/a-1) ≈ 1.5 % is identified, below which the domain switching is significantly activated. The correlation between piezoelectric performance and the cooperative contribution of tetragonal distortion and domain switching has been established: Reducing tetragonal distortion and activating domain switching can enhance the piezoelectric coefficient. Furthermore, an approximate linear coupling between domain switching and lattice strain is confirmed in tetragonal piezoelectric systems. Insights from this work would facilitate the design of high-performance piezoelectrics, by controlling tetragonal distortion and domain switching.
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