Abstract
Background: Aberrant regulation of suprabasin (SBSN) is associated with the development of cancer and immune disorders. SBSN influences tumor cell migration, proliferation, angiogenesis, and immune resistance. In this study, we investigated the potential correlation between SBSN expression and immune infiltration in thyroid cancer. Methods: The expression of SBSN in 80 papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) specimens was determined using quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction, western blotting, and immunohistochemical staining. The expression of SBSN in 9 cases of poorly differentiated thyroid carcinoma (PDTC) and 18 cases of anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC) was evaluated by immunohistochemical staining. Comprehensive bioinformatics analysis of SBSN expression was performed using The Cancer Genome Atlas and Gene Expression Omnibus datasets, and the relationship of SBSN expression with M2 macrophages and T regulatory cells (Tregs) in ATC and PTC was verified by immunohistochemical staining. Results: Compared with those in adjacent normal tissues, the expression levels of SBSN mRNA and protein were significantly higher in PTC tissues. SBSN expression level was correlated with that of cervical lymph node metastasis in PTC patients. Immunohistochemical staining results showed statistically significant differences among high-positive expression rates of SBSN in PTC, PDTC, and ATC. Functional enrichment analysis showed that SBSN expression was associated with pathways related to cancer, cell signaling, and immune response. Furthermore, analysis of the tumor microenvironment (using CIBERSORT-ABS and xCell algorithms) showed that SBSN expression affected immune cell infiltration and the cancer immunity cycle, and immunohistochemistry confirmed a significant increase in M2 macrophage and Treg infiltration in tumor tissues with high-positive SBSN expression. Conclusion: These findings reveal that SBSN may be involved in thyroid carcinogenesis, tumor dedifferentiation progression, and immunosuppression as an important regulator of tumor immune cell infiltration.
Highlights
Thyroid cancer is one of the most common endocrine tumors and its incidence has increased globally over the last 30 years (La Vecchia et al, 2015)
Suprabasin Affects Immunity and Dedifferentiation confirmed a significant increase in M2 macrophage and T regulatory cells (Tregs) infiltration in tumor tissues with high-positive SBSN expression
These findings reveal that SBSN may be involved in thyroid carcinogenesis, tumor dedifferentiation progression, and immunosuppression as an important regulator of tumor immune cell infiltration
Summary
Thyroid cancer is one of the most common endocrine tumors and its incidence has increased globally over the last 30 years (La Vecchia et al, 2015). Follicular epitheliumderived thyroid cancers can be classified as papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC), follicular thyroid carcinoma, poorly differentiated thyroid carcinoma (PDTC), and anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC) (Dralle et al, 2015). PTC is the most common pathological type, accounting for 80–90% of all thyroid cancers (Abdullah et al, 2019). Recurrence, metastasis, and resistance to radioiodine therapy in PDTC, ATC, and some invasive PTCs remain the leading causes of death from thyroid cancer (Mazzaferri and Jhiang, 1994; Molinaro et al, 2017; Xu and Ghossein, 2020), with more than 25% of patients with PTC experiencing recurrence during a long-term follow-up (Abdullah et al, 2019). We investigated the potential correlation between SBSN expression and immune infiltration in thyroid cancer
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