Abstract
Plant hormones play important roles in controlling how plants grow and develop. While metabolism provides the energy needed for plant survival, hormones regulate the pace of plant growth. Strigolactones (SLs) were recently defined as new phytohormones that regulate plant metabolism and, in turn, plant growth and development. This group of phytohormones is derived from carotenoids and has been implicated in a wide range of physiological functions including regulation of plant architecture (inhibition of bud outgrowth and shoot branching), photomorphogenesis, seed germination, nodulation, and physiological reactions to abiotic factors. SLs also induce hyphal branching in germinating spores of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), a process that is important for initiating the connection between host plant roots and AMF. This review outlines the physiological roles of SLs and discusses the significance of interactions between SLs and other phytohormones to plant metabolic responses.
Highlights
Phytohormones are plant growth regulators synthesized within plants that participate in many aspects of the plant life cycle, including responses to biotic and abiotic stress [1, 2]
While metabolism provides the energy needed for plant survival, hormones regulate the pace of plant growth
Strigolactones (SLs) were recently defined as new phytohormones that regulate plant metabolism and, in turn, plant growth and development. This group of phytohormones is derived from carotenoids and has been implicated in a wide range of physiological functions including regulation of plant architecture, photomorphogenesis, seed germination, nodulation, and physiological reactions to abiotic factors
Summary
Phytohormones are plant growth regulators synthesized within plants that participate in many aspects of the plant life cycle, including responses to biotic and abiotic stress [1, 2]. SLs are responsible for encouraging association between plant roots and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), in nutrient deficient environments [19]. AMF are obligate heterotrophs present in the roots of the land plants that form symbiotic associations with crop plants [15], supplying mineral nutrients in exchange for photosynthetically fixed carbon [16,17,18]. They play an important role in germination of the parasitic plants Striga and Orobanche [19, 20]. It includes a discussion of how SLs interact (i.e. crosstalk) with other phytohormones like auxin, cytokinin and ABA
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