Abstract
Although the cancer survival rate has increased, cancer treatments, including chemotherapy and radiotherapy, can cause ovarian failure and infertility in women of reproductive age. Preserving fertility throughout cancer treatment is critical for maintaining quality of life. Fertility experts should propose individualized fertility preservation methods based on the patient’s marital status, pubertal status, partner status, and the urgency of treatment. Widely practiced fertility preservation methods, including ovarian transposition and embryo and oocyte cryopreservation, are inappropriate for prepubertal girls or those needing urgent initiation of cancer treatment. Ovarian tissue cryopreservation and transplantation, an emerging new technology, may be a solution for these cancer patients. The use of stem cells in ovarian tissue cryopreservation and transplantation increases oxygenation, angiogenesis, and follicle survival rates. This review discusses the recent advances in ovarian tissue cryopreservation and transplantation with special focus on the use of stem cells to improve fertilization techniques.
Highlights
A large number of young women of reproductive age are diagnosed with cancer each year worldwide, many of whom require fertility preservation prior to cancer treatments such as chemotherapy and radiotherapy
This study investigated whether stem cells isolated from human ovaries can differentiate into oocytes in vitro and in vivo and determined that proliferative germline stem cells (GSCs) exist in postnatal mammalian ovaries
Embryo or oocyte cryopreservation have been considered the standard methods for fertility preservation, ovary tissue cryopreservation has been accepted as an alternative method of fertility preservation for prepubertal girls and patients who need immediate treatment [87]
Summary
A large number of young women of reproductive age are diagnosed with cancer each year worldwide, many of whom require fertility preservation prior to cancer treatments such as chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Cancer treatments using chemotherapy and radiation therapy increase patient survival rates; these treatments can cause the loss of ovarian function, eventually leading to primary ovarian insufficiency, precluding pregnancy. Ovarian tissue cryopreservation and transplantation is an option for prepubertal cancer patients who need to preserve fertility prior to chemotherapy or radiation therapy in circumstances. 2021, 22, 12482 tissue cryopreservation and transplantation is an option for prepubertal cancer patients who need to preserve fertility prior to chemotherapy or radiation therapy in circumstances that are not suitable for ovarian stimulation. This review discusses the recent advances in Totissue improve the success rate, use of stem cells prevent follicle been ovarian cryopreservation andthe transplantation with to special focus on theloss usehas of stem investigated, and its efficacy is promising.
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