Abstract
Salt stress is a major threat for plant growth worldwide. The regulatory mechanisms of silicon in alleviating salt stress have been widely studied using physiological, molecular genetics, and genomic approaches. Recently, progresses have been made in elucidating the alleviative effects of silicon in salt-induced osmotic stress, Na toxicity, and oxidative stress. In this review, we highlight recent development on the impact of silicon application on salt stress responses. Emphasis will be given to the following aspects. (1) Silicon transporters have been experimentally identified in different plant species and their structure feature could be an important molecular basis for silicon permeability. (2) Silicon could mediate salt-induced ion imbalance by (i) regulating Na+ uptake, transport, and distribution and (ii) regulating polyamine levels. (3) Si-mediated upregulation of aquaporin gene expression and osmotic adjustment play important roles in alleviating salinity-induced osmotic stress. (4) Silicon application direct/indirectly mitigates oxidative stress via regulating the antioxidant defense and polyamine metabolism. (5) Omics studies reveal that silicon could regulate plants’ response to salt stress by modulating the expression of various genes including transcription factors and hormone-related genes. Finally, research areas that require further investigation to provide a deeper understanding of the role of silicon in plants are highlighted.
Highlights
Salt stress is one of the main stress factors responsible for declines in crop yield [1]
Our analysis showed that the current research on Si and abiotic stress responses mainly focuses on three aspects: the effects of Si on salinity, heavy/nonheavy metal, and drought stresses
As shown in the bottom legend, colored nodes located in the outer ring of the network are grouped into 10 main mechanisms related to the alleviative effect of silicon under salt stress, for example, the blue nodes, including polyamine, spermidine, and arginine, are grouped into polyamine
Summary
Salt stress is one of the main stress factors responsible for declines in crop yield [1]. In this paper, we will carry out a review of the major mechanisms by which Si alleviates salinity stress in plants, which provides a more comprehensive update on recent progress and provides a theoretical foundation for the practical application of. In this paper, we will carry out a review of the major mechanisms by which Si alleviates salinity stress in plants, which provides a more comprehensive update on recent progress and provides a theoretical foundation for the practical application of Si-fortified fertilizers in crop production. As shown in the bottom legend, colored nodes located in the outer ring of the network are grouped into 10 main mechanisms related to the alleviative effect of silicon under salt stress, for example, the blue nodes, including polyamine, spermidine, and arginine, are grouped into polyamine
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