Role of sildenafil citrate in improving amniotic fluid indices in pregnant women with oligohydramnios: A comprehensive review

Abstract

This comprehensive review examines the potential role of sildenafil citrate in ameliorating oligohydramnios in pregnant women, focusing on its impact on amniotic fluid indices. Oligohydramnios, characterised by insufficient amniotic fluid, pose significant risks to fetal and maternal health. This review begins by elucidating the definition of oligohydramnios and its implications in pregnancy, emphasising the critical role of amniotic fluid in foetal development. The rationale for studying sildenafil citrate lies in its vasodilatory properties and potential to improve uteroplacental blood flow, thereby influencing amniotic fluid dynamics. The importance of amniotic fluid indices, particularly the amniotic fluid index (AFI), is discussed, highlighting their relevance as critical indicators of fetal well-being. This review synthesises evidence from experimental studies, both animal and human, exploring the effects of sildenafil citrate on amniotic fluid levels. Safety considerations, maternal and fetal outcomes, and the limitations of existing research are also addressed. The conclusions summarise vital findings, discuss implications for clinical practice, and emphasise the need for further research to establish the safety and efficacy of sildenafil citrate in managing oligohydramnios. This review contributes valuable insights for healthcare professionals, researchers, and policymakers seeking evidence-based approaches to enhance pregnancy outcomes in cases of oligohydramnios.