Role of short‐chain saturated fatty acids in the control of ethylene sensitivity in senescing carnation flowers

Abstract

In cut carnations (Dianthus caryophyllus L. cv. Cally). petal senescence was associated with a climacteric pattern in ethylene production and an increase in ethylene sensitivity during the preclimacteric stage. The increase in ethylene sensitivity was caused by short‐chain saturated fatty acids (C7 to C10) produced in the petals during the early stages of senescence. Pollination or application of octanoic acid to the styles of unpollinated flowers resulted in a sudden increase in ethylene sensitivity and a marked acceleration of senescence. Treatment with silver thiosulfate (STS) resulted in a suppression of ethylene sensitivity and a marked reduction in the levels of these fatty acids. However, even in STS‐treated flowers pollination or treatment with octanoic acid gave rise to a drastic increase in ethylene sensitivity. Exposure of carnation flowers to 2. 5‐norbornadicne (NBD) vapours resulted in a dramatic suppression of ethylene sensitivity which was also overridden by stylar application of octanoic acid. Exposure to NBD suppressed the increase in ethylene sensitivity caused by treatment with octanoic acid. It appears that short‐chain saturated fatty acids increased ethylene sensitivity by increasing the ability of the tissue to bind ethylene.