Role of Selenium in the Body: A Narrative Review

Abstract

The maintenance of required levels of essential micronutrients and macronutrients is necessary for the smooth and proper functioning of the body. Any increase or decrease in the levels of these required micronutrients will have an adverse effect on the metabolic activities carried out in the body. The intake of micronutrients differs from region to region, and many micronutrients do not function in their natural form. Selenium is one of the most vital micronutrients required by the body. Numerous organs and systems, such as the cardiovascular system and reproductive system, are affected by selenium deficiency, which is characterised by diminished activity. Consuming selenium in physiologically suitable doses is necessary for maintaining reproductive and general health. Selenium levels that are beyond the permissible range have been associated with infertility. Prolonged exposure to selenium in the environment has been shown to pose a significant danger to human health. It is still unknown how different dietary selenium sources are processed in human bodies, as well as the ideal type or quantity of dietary selenium to maintain metabolic homeostasis and enhance reproductive health. Throughout the world, selenium deficiency is a relatively prevalent cause of various diseases. It is possible to take supplements for selenium deficiency; however, increased levels of selenium, which are toxic, are very close to normal levels. Therefore, it is important to rule out the toxicity brought on by elevated selenium levels when determining the normal selenium concentration.