ROLE OF ROOT FEEDING IN MODERN TECHNOLOGY OF CULTIVATING GRAIN CORN

Abstract

The article presents the results of studying the impact of foliar fertilization with Ekolist Mono Zinc microfertilizer on the complex of economically valuable traits and productivity of maize hybrids of different maturity groups. The research has been conducted for studying the dependence of the timing of foliar fertilization on the level of productivity of corn. Field research was established during 2019-2020 in the research field of the Department of Plant Breeding, Breeding and Bioenergy Crops of SE "Kordelivske" IC NAANU Vinnytsia National Agrarian University. The soil of the experimental site - dark gray is characterized by the following agrochemical parameters: humus content - 3.27%, nitrogen supply (by the method of Cornfield) low - 116 mg / kg of soil, mobile phosphorus compounds (by Chyrykov method) average - 95 mg / kg of soil , and high potassium - 137 mg / kg of soil, pH - 6.5. A two-factor experiment with corn was established by the method of split plots. The study was performed in quadruplicate. The sown area of the plot is 50 m2, the accounting area is 25 m2. Observations and crop accounting were performed according to generally accepted methods. Studies have shown that the largest increase in plant height (11-18 cm) and the height of attachment of cobs was observed in variants with two foliar feeding of corn with microfertilizer Ecolist Mono Zinc. Application of Ekolist Mono Zinc microfertilizer in the phase of 5-7 and 10-12 corn leaves provides the highest value of cob length: DKS 2971 (FAO 200) - 22.0 cm, DKS 3476 (FAO 260) - 25.2 cm and DKS 3511 330) - 26.0 cm, increases the weight of 1000 grains by 7.5-12.4%, protein content by 0.07-0.15%, reduces the fat content by 0.01-0.20% compared with the control. The highest value of yield of the studied maize hybrids was obtained by double application of microfertilizer Ecolist Mono Zinc in the phase of 5-7 and 10-12 leaves of corn, and on average for two years it was: DKS 2971 (FAO 200) - 7.5 t / ha, DKS 3476 (FAO 260) - 9.8 t / ha and DKS 3511 (FAO 330) - 10.4 t / ha, while the control yield was 6.6; 8.8 and 9.0 t / ha, respectively. Taking into consideration the results of the analysis of economic indicators of cultivation of maize hybrid DKS 3511 (FAO 330), the highest value of gross production per 1 ha - 41.44 thousand UAH / ha - was obtained on the option with double application of microfertilizer Ecolist Mono Zinc in phase 5-7 and 10-12 leaves of corn, the lowest cost of grain is set - 156.5 UAH / c. The final indicator of economic efficiency - the level of profitability - was the highest and amounted to 254.5%. Thus, foliar fertilization increases the yield of maize hybrids of different maturity groups, improves the quality of grain in terms of chemical composition and optimizes the value of economically valuable traits.