Role of Retama Raetam on Gentamicin-Induced Acute Kidney Injury in Experimental Rat Model

Medhat Menshawy,Sayed El Toumy,Abdel Razik Farrag,Gamila Muhamed

doi:10.21608/eajbsd.2021.186478

Abstract

The methanol extract of the seeds of Retama raetam was studied for its preventive and curative effects in gentamicin-induced acute renal failure in rats. Twenty-four rats were divided into four different groups. Group 1 was served as a control group, Group 2 and 3 were administered a daily dose of gentamicin (40 mg/kg body weight s.c) for 13 days. In case of group 3, rats were administered with the extract (30 mg/kg b. wt.) from the 14th day onwards for 10 days. While in group 4 rats were treated with an oral dose of the extract equivalent to 30 mg/kg b. wt. after 2 hoursof subcutaneous injection of gentamicin for 13 days. Serum urea and creatinine levels were measured. Moreover, histopathological as well as morphometrical investigations were performed. In the gentamicin model, the methanol extract of R. raetam (30 mg/kg b. wt.) reduced blood urea and serum creatinine effectively in the curative and the preventive treatment. Light microscopic examination of the renal tissues from gentamicin-treated rats revealed severe histopathological and morphometrical changes, whereas specimens obtained from extract-treated rats revealed only mild changes. These findings recommend that the methanol extract of the seeds of R. raetam counteract the deleterious effect of gentamicin on renal tubular function and structure

Highlights

The kidney is a vital organ required by the body to carry out numerous main functions including the protection of homeostasis, regulation of the extracellular environment, such as detoxification, and secretion of poisonous metabolites and drugs (Ferguson et al, 2008)
Biochemical Results: Gentamicin administration for thirteen days resulted in a significant elevation in serum creatinine and urea as compared with the control one
As the clinical use of aminoglycosides may be limited by the progress of nephrotoxicity, it is important to be aware of those hazard factors associated with a greater rate of renal damage

Summary

Introduction

The kidney is a vital organ required by the body to carry out numerous main functions including the protection of homeostasis, regulation of the extracellular environment, such as detoxification, and secretion of poisonous metabolites and drugs (Ferguson et al, 2008). Acute kidney injury is the deterioration of the renal function over hours or days, resulting in the accumulation of toxic wastes and the loss of internal homeostasis. It can be caused by numerous etiologies (Dasari, and Tchounwou, 2014, Oh, et al, 2014), and medications are a relatively common cause of kidney injury among these injuries (Rahman, et al, 2012). Drug-induced nephrotoxicity is an extremely common condition and is responsible for a variety of pathological effects on the kidneys (George, et al, 2012). There is a growing incidence of drug-induced glomerular disease, including direct cellular injury and immune-mediated injury (Harrill, 2018)

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Conclusion