Abstract
Climate change is an inevitable process impacting the forest ecosystem. Various impacts like treeline shift, forest fires, and Species distribution are due to the effect of climate change. Green House Gases concentration in the atmosphere is increasing day by day due to anthropogenic activities. The pace of climate change is very alarming which will have the substantial impact on the forest ecosystem. Role of remote sensing and geographic information system in observing the forest ecosystem was reviewed. Spatio-temporal analysis of change in forest structure can be proficiently done with the help of remote sensing and geographic information system. Climate Change Mitigation programmes like Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation (REDD-plus) can be implemented with the help of remote sensing and geographic information system. Baseline data generation using remote sensing and geographic information system can be useful in designing the policies for forest management and monitoring.
Highlights
The latest analysis of observations from the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) Global Atmosphere Watch Programme shows that the globally averaged mole fractions of CO2, CH4 and N2O reached new highs in 2013, with CO2 at 396.0±0.1 ppm, CH4 at 1824±2 ppb and N2O at 325.9±0.1 ppb
The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Annual Greenhouse Gas Index shows that from 1990 to 2013 radiative forcing by long-lived greenhouse gases increased by 34%, with CO2 accounting for about 80% of this increase (WMO, 2014)
We analyzed that Remote Sensing and Geographic Information System (GIS) has a pivotal role in climate change studies related to forest ecosystem
Summary
The latest analysis of observations from the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) Global Atmosphere Watch Programme shows that the globally averaged mole fractions of CO2, CH4 and N2O reached new highs in 2013, with CO2 at 396.0±0.1 ppm, CH4 at 1824±2 ppb and N2O at 325.9±0.1 ppb. These values constitute, respectively, 142%, 253% and 121% of pre-industrial (before 1750) levels. If concentrations of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere continue to increase, the average temperature at the Earth’s surface could grow from 1.8 to 4oC (3 to 7oF) above 2000 levels by the end of this century (IPCC,2007c). It is one of the most efficient approaches for monitoring land cover and its changes through time over a variety of spatial scales (Bontemps, S. et al 2011; Gong, P. et al, 2013)
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