Role of Probiotic Strain Lactobacillus acidophilus in the Reversal of Gut Dysbiosis Induced Brain Cognitive Decline

Abstract

In the central nervous system, bidirectional communication between the brain and gut results in memory formation due to synaptic plasticity changes. During a healthy state, oral balanced microflora plays a pivotal role in memory formation by inhibiting the enterotoxin level produced by infectious pathogens. In disease conditions, beneficial microbial dysbiosis may result in excess enterotoxin production. Further, excess enterotoxin secretion prevents beneficial bacteria's proliferation and impairs neurotransmitter precursor compounds' transport to the brain. Blockade of neurotransmitter precursor compounds may result in the development of memory loss. The present study stated the role of Lactobacillus acidophilus in recovering memory loss. Reversal of cognitive impairment is shown with the help of a three-step behavioural analysis, which consists of one pre-infusive behavioural analysis and two post-infusive behavioural analyses (phase 1 and 2). The pre-infusive analysis showed no cognitive impairment in an assimilated environment without any infusions. After oral microbial infusions, phase 1 of post-infusive behavioural analysis showed the presence of cognitive impairment in the experimental groups who received oral infusions. Formed cognitive impairment is reverted with the help of L. acidophilus oral infusion in phase 2 of post-infusive analysis. Comparative three-step behavioural analysis proved that Pseudomonas aeuroginosa induced cognitive impairment may revert to normal conditions with the help of L. acidophilus. The outcome of the present study proves that cognitive impairment developed due to poor oral hygiene can be treated with the help of probiotic microorganisms.