Abstract
Abstract Polyphenols are a group of compounds arousing enormous interest due to their multiple effects on both human and animal health and omnipresence in plants. A number of in vitro and animal model studies have shown that all polyphenols exhibit anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities, and play a significant role against oxidative stress-related pathologies. They also exert gut promotory effects and prevent chronic degenerative diseases. However, less attention has been paid to the potential influence of polyphenols on bone properties and metabolism. It is well known that proper growth and functioning of the organism depend largely on bone growth and health. Therefore, understanding the action of substances (including polyphenols) that may improve the health and functioning of the skeletal system and bone metabolism is extremely important for the health of the present and future generations of both humans and farm animals. This review provides a comprehensive summary of literature related to causes of bone loss during ageing of the organism (in both humans and animals) and possible effects of dietary polyphenols preventing bone loss and diseases. In particular, the underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms that can modulate skeletal homeostasis and influence the bone modeling and remodeling processes are presented.
Highlights
R chemical structure and complexity polyphenols are generally classified into flavonoids, phenolic acids, lignans, and stilbenes (Neveu et al, 2010)
Hassan et al (2018) found a strong association between an increase in the osteocalcin and elevation in serum calcium after administration of quercetin. This may indicate modulation of bone mineralization (Ducy et al, 1996). These findings suggest that polyphenols may be a potential drug of choice for reversal of impaired intestinal Ca2+ absorption in certain gut disorders that occur with oxidative stress and apoptosis
The mechanism behind the elevation of serum calcium as a result of quercetin intake is not well understood, but it seems to be related to the potent antioxidant effect of this polyphenol that may correct the redox status in the small intestine at the cellular level, restoring the proper function of molecules involved in the transport and absorption of Ca+2 ions, activation of transient receptor potential vanilloid subfamily member 6 (TRPV6) gene expression, and activation of vitamin D receptor in the intestine (Inoue et al, 2010)
Summary
R chemical structure and complexity (i.e. the number of phenolic rings and substituting groups) polyphenols are generally classified into flavonoids, phenolic acids, lignans, and stilbenes (Neveu et al, 2010).
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