Abstract
Centrosomes nucleate and anchor microtubules and therefore play major roles in spindle formation and chromosome segregation during mitosis. Duplication of the centrosome occurs, similar to DNA, only once during the cell cycle. Aberration of the centrosome number is common in human tumors. At the core of centriole duplication is the conserved polo-like kinase 4, Plk4, and two structural proteins, STIL and Sas-6. In this review, I summarize and discuss developments in our understanding of the first steps of centriole duplication and their regulation.
Highlights
The centrosome is a membrane-less organelle and functions as the main microtubuleorganizing center in animal cells for mitotic spindle assembly and cilia/flagella formation [1,2]
Centrosomes nucleate the formation of the microtubule cytoskeleton, and during mitosis, they form the spindle poles of the bipolar mitotic spindle [3,4]
A mature centrosome typically comprises a pair of centrioles embedded in a protein matrix, the pericentriolar material (PCM)
Summary
The centrosome is a membrane-less organelle and functions as the main microtubuleorganizing center in animal cells for mitotic spindle assembly and cilia/flagella formation [1,2]. Cdk5Rap ( known as Cep215), a member of the CNN family of proteins, is required to maintain centriole engagement and cohesion, thereby restricting centriole duplication This has been demonstrated in loss-of-function Cdk5Rap mutant MEFs, as centrioles were disengaged and lost the normal paired configuration [12]. Degradation of the centrosomal linker protein Cep leads to the removal of Cdk5Rap, which is localized at the peripheral PCM to prevent centriole separation prior to disengagement [18]. It seems that both Cdk5Rap and PCNT are both required for centriole engagement, but how exactly they collaborate still needs to be clarified. A list of centrosomal proteins named in this review and their orthologs is found in Table
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