Abstract
Abstract The requirement for chemical fertilizers is expected to increase to 200 million tonnes by the year 2022. Increased dependence of farmers on chemical formulations has strengthened agronomic production but has also increased environmental pollution and put the ecosystem stability at higher risk worldwide. Climatic changes have further aggravated the situation by an increase in the frequency of abiotic stresses. However, only 50% of the total habitable land is available for agricultural purposes and there is an urgent need to maintain its fertility and stability. Therefore, improved crop productivity and enhanced food security with a reduced or negligible application of chemical fertilizers and pesticides have become a major test these days. Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) are at the forefront of sustainable agricultural practices. They are a secure and favorable alternative to chemical fertilizers as well as a useful option to decrease stress conditions. Many bacterial species act as PGPRs and have visibly improved plant growth, health, and productivity. This review emphasizes the role of PGPRs in sustainable agriculture, underlying mechanisms involved in growth promotion, and the exploitation of these rhizobacteria under different stress conditions.
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