Abstract

Phytoremediation has been approved an economical technology for the cleanup of environmental contaminants and biomass production. Germplasm of hyperaccumulators is the backbone of this technology. Therefore, understanding the genetics of hyperaccumulation is an important tool for the enhancement of hyperaccumulation efficiency. Phytochelatins (PCs) and metallothioneins (MTs) and heavy metal ATPase (HMA) genes play a crucial role in signaling, uptake, detoxification, and accumulation of metal. Their combined role enhances the hyperaccumulation efficiency. This chapter highlights the role of these genes, their mechanism of action, their structure, and their applications in the transgenic approach of hyperaccumulation. Further, it also highlights the role of uptake and detoxification of metals by cellular mechanisms which facilitate the phytoremediation of heavy metals from contaminated areas.

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