Abstract
With the recent rapid growth of technological comprehension in nanoscience, researchers have aimed to adapt this knowledge to various research fields within engineering and applied science. Dramatic advances in nanomaterials marked a new epoch in biomedical engineering with the expectation that they would have huge contributions to healthcare. However, several questions regarding their safety and toxicity have arisen due to numerous novel properties. Here, recent studies of nanomaterial toxicology will be reviewed from several physiochemical perspectives. A variety of physiochemical properties such as size distribution, electrostatics, surface area, general morphology and aggregation may significantly affect physiological interactions between nanomaterials and target biological areas. Accordingly, it is very important to finely tune these properties in order to safely fulfill a bio-user’s purpose.
Highlights
Since basic concepts of nanotechnology were introduced in the mid-twentieth century by RichardFeynman, Norio Taniguchi and Eric Drexler, a large body of literature on nanomaterials has accumulated and has expanded significantly in the twenty first century (Figure 1 and Table 1).the rapid development of methods and tools for nanomaterial/colloid characterization has Nanomaterials 2015, 5 resulted in substantial advances in materials [1]
The rats were sacrificed and the amount of silver nanoparticles in their lungs was measured. They found that silver nanoparticles in sizes of 18 and 34 nm induced lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) expression, which is a marker of cell damage, in a dose-dependent manner after 24 h
Cadmium selenide (CdSe) quantum dots remain in the tissue for up to eight months and cause hepatotoxicity [28]
Summary
Since basic concepts of nanotechnology were introduced in the mid-twentieth century by Richard. Researchers have investigated surface coatings and other modifications to increase the safety of nanoparticles in the body These surface coatings are protective for only a short time because they are destroyed over a period of one to four hours by environmental interactions such as air exposure or ultraviolet irradiation [16,17]. To overcome this shortage, several trials have been conducted and have shown a link between long term coating of nanoparticles and a significant reduction of cytotoxicity [18]. Are chemical properties and size-dependent cytotoxicity important in assessing a nanomaterial’s cytotoxicity, and is the amount of size-dependent cytotoxicity
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