Abstract
Psychologists make the temporal distinction between traits and states in describing psychological phenomena. Traits refer to enduring psychological characteristics of an individual in terms of their action, emotion and thought. The combination of these characteristics constitutes an individual’s personality. States refer to transient psychological experiences such as anxiety or happiness. The current consensus is that there are five broad personality dimensions. These are extraversion versus introversion, neuroticism versus emotional stability, conscientiousness versus unreliability, agreeableness versus antagonism and openness to experience versus closed mindedness [1]. Personality traits have been associated with a range of physical, psychological and social outcomes with moderate consistency [2]. In the case of coronary heart disease (CHD), personality has been linked to both physiological responses and health and illness behaviors, and there is some evidence for the independence of these mechanisms [3]. This work has demonstrated plausible biological and behavioral mechanisms underpinning the observed associations between personality and health outcomes in CHD. The use of patient personality data in clinical cardiology, however, has yet to be established.
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