Role of oxidative stress and inflammatory cytokines in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus patients with and without small intestinal bacterial overgrowth

Abstract

BackgroundIn type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), insufficient insulin or resistance to insulin in body results in reduced uptake of glucose causing hyperglycemia. This may lead to oxidative stress and further may increase cytokine production. Inflammation may affect gut neural apparatus that may lead to gastrointestinal dysmotility which may amplify occurrence of small intestinal bacterial overgrowth in these patients.AimTo study role of oxidative stress, inflammatory cytokines, gut motility(orocecal transit time: OCTT) and small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO) in T2DM patientsMaterials and Methods150 T2DM patients and 150 age and sex matched healthy controls were enrolled. SIBO and OCTT were measured using noninvasive glucose and lactulose hydrogen breath tests respectively. Plasma levels of IL‐6, TNF‐α and IL‐10 were measured by ELISA. Oxidative stress (lipid per‐oxidation (LPO) and anti‐oxidant parameters such as reduced glutathione (GSH), Super‐oxide dismutase(SOD) and catalase were measured by standard methods.ResultsOut of 150 T2DM patients, 72 (48%) were males with Mean ± SEM age 56.7±0.74 years. IL‐6, TNF‐α and IL‐10 in T2DM patients were significantly higher(p<0.05) as compared to controls. LPO in T2DM patients was significantly increased(p<0.05) while GSH was significantly decreased(p<0.001). Moreover, SOD and Catalase were significantly higher as compared to controls. OCTT was delayed and SIBO was significantly higher in patients as compared to controls. Furthermore, SIBO +ve patients showed delayed OCTT and inflammatory cytokines were higher in SIBO +ve patients as compared to SIBO –ve patients. Also, LPO, SOD and Catalase were higher whereas GSH lower in SIBO +ve patients as compared to SIBO –ve patientsConclusionIn T2DM patients, oxidative stress would have caused inflammation in gut wall. leading to delayed OCTT and SIBO.Support or Funding InformationDepartment of Biotechnology, New Delhi, India vide no BT/PR8369/MED/30/996/2013This abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2018 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal.