Role of Osteogenic Coatings on Implant Surfaces in Promoting Bone-To-Implant Contact in Experimental Osteoporosis

Abstract

The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to evaluate the role of osteogenic coatings (placement of a thin film of organic and inorganic osteoinductive and osteoproliferative materials) on implant surfaces in augmenting bone-to-implant contact (BIC) in osteoporotic bone. To answer the focused question "Do osteogenic coatings on implant surfaces increase BIC in osteoporotic bone?" PubMed/MEDLINE, EMBASE, ISI Web of Knowledge, Scopus, and Google-Scholar databases were searched till June 2017 using different combinations of the following key words: bone-to-implant contact, coating, implant surface, osseointegration, and osteoporosis. Letters to the Editor, review articles, case-reports/case-series, and commentaries were excluded. Six animal studies were included, in which osteoporosis was induced by bilateral ovariectomy. In all studies, implant surface roughness was increased by various osteogenic surface coatings including alumina, hydroxyapatite, calcium phosphate, and zoledronic acid. Five studies showed that bone volume and BIC are significantly higher around implants with coated surfaces than noncoated implants. In 1 study, there was no difference in BIC around coated and noncoated implants. Although experimental studies have shown that osteogenic coatings are effective in enhancing BIC, their clinical relevance requires further investigations.