Abstract
Present study involved identification of offending out-door aero-allergens and associated genetic pathway in nasso-bronchial asthma among Kolkata population. Skin-prick test was done among 950 asthmatic patients against 11 common aero-allergens and total serum IgE concentration was measured. PCR-RFLP was done in patients and non-asthmatic control (n=220 in each) to characterize functional polymorphism, C(-159)T, of CD14, a positional candidate gene for allergy. Association of genetic polymorphisms was made with clinico-pathological conditions. We identified Cocos nucifera as the most common aero-allergen sensitizer among atopic patients in Kolkata. Patients with childhood-onset asthma were significantly more sensitive towards aero-allergens and had significantly higher serum IgE level than those of adult-onset (p< 0.0001). No significant difference was found in distribution of SNP genotypes of CD14 among case and control (p=0.178). However among patients, frequency of C allele is significantly higher in childhood-onset group than that of adult-onset and concordantly in former CC genotype was associated with significant higher level of serum IgE than CT and TT. In Kolkata, pollen is a common out-door aero-allergen and Cocos nucifera is predominant among pollens. Childhood-onset and adult-onset of asthma showed significant difference in allergen sensitivity as well as genetic background with respect to CD14 polymorphism.
Highlights
Asthma is the most common type of atopic manifestation characterized by respiratory symptoms, narrowing of airways, and inflammation[1]
While considering the aero-allergen sensitizers with respect to severity of reactions, Cocos nucifera was found to be most potent i.e. 7% (66/950) of patients showed 3+ or more sensitivity to it, followed by Caesalpinia (5%, 47/950) and Peltophorium (3%, 29/950) (Data not shown)
When allergen sensitizers were considered individually, frequency of sensitive individuals was found to be significantly more among males than females for Cocos nucifera, (p=0.04) and Cynodon dactylon (p=0.023) among pollen and Aspergillus fumigatus (p=0.035), Aspergillus niger (p=0.034), and Penicilium (p=0.033) among molds (Table-2)
Summary
Asthma is the most common type of atopic manifestation characterized by respiratory symptoms, narrowing of airways, and inflammation[1]. Prevalence of asthma is gradually increasing worldwide including developing countries and in India alone, roughly 15% of the people suffer from this disease[2,3]. Development of asthma in individual depends on both environmental stimuli like aero-allergen and genetic factors[4]. Airborne pollens and molds produced by flowering plants and fungi are the most important factors of asthma and India being a climatically diverse country supports huge diversity of such aero-al-. @ 2017 Dutta et al; licensee African Health Sciences.
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