Role of nanotechnology in restorative dentistry

Abstract

Background: Restorative dentistry has evolved significantly from the use of traditional materials such as amalgam to more advanced options like dental composite resins. Nanotechnology, which involves manipulating materials at the atomic or molecular scale, has introduced a new dimension to dental materials, offering improvements in mechanical properties, aesthetics, and functionality. Aim: This review aims to explore the current applications of nanotechnology in restorative dentistry, focusing on how nanomaterials enhance dental treatments and restorations. Methods: A comprehensive review of recent studies and advancements in nanomaterials applied to dental composite resins, adhesives, cements, and whitening agents was conducted. Key areas of investigation included the impact of nanomaterials on mechanical strength, wear resistance, antibacterial properties, and aesthetic outcomes. Results: Nanomaterials such as nanoparticles of silica, zirconia, titanium dioxide, silver, and zinc oxide have been integrated into dental materials to improve their performance. Nanocomposites demonstrate enhanced mechanical strength and durability, while nano-enhanced adhesives offer better bonding and self-healing capabilities. Antibacterial properties have been significantly improved with silver and zinc oxide nanoparticles, which help in preventing secondary caries and oral infections. Nanomaterials have also advanced dental cements and whitening agents, offering better fluoride release, controlled whitening effects, and improved imaging techniques.