Abstract
Water is an essential part of life and its availability is important for all living creatures. On the other side, the world is suffering from a major problem of drinking water. There are several gases, microorganisms and other toxins (chemicals and heavy metals) added into water during rain, flowing water, etc. which is responsible for water pollution. This review article describes various applications of nanomaterial in removing different types of impurities from polluted water. There are various kinds of nanomaterials, which carried huge potential to treat polluted water (containing metal toxin substance, different organic and inorganic impurities) very effectively due to their unique properties like greater surface area, able to work at low concentration, etc. The nanostructured catalytic membranes, nanosorbents and nanophotocatalyst based approaches to remove pollutants from wastewater are eco-friendly and efficient, but they require more energy, more investment in order to purify the wastewater. There are many challenges and issues of wastewater treatment. Some precautions are also required to keep away from ecological and health issues. New modern equipment for wastewater treatment should be flexible, low cost and efficient for the commercialization purpose.
Highlights
Water is a natural source on the earth and its availability in pure state is very essential for human beings as well as for other living creatures because the concept of life is unbelievable without water
Water pollution has an adverse effect on environment, and it can responsible for air pollution that reflects very dangerous results on human health
Water pollution carries an adverse impact on economic growth and socials perspectives of the concern societies/countries
Summary
Water is a natural source on the earth and its availability in pure state is very essential for human beings as well as for other living creatures because the concept of life is unbelievable without water. Major problem of whole world is water contamination, due to several reasons like inadequate sewage treatment, industrial wastes, marine dumping issues, radioactive waste material, some agricultural perspectives etc. A UN report stated that purified and freshwater availability is a global issue and become a challenge in 21st century for whole world because the survival of living creatures is not safe with contaminated water [3,4]. Contaminated water means that unwanted materials come into water bodies or reservoirs and make it unsuitable for drinking and other purposes. To overcome this emerging problem, there are many chemical, physical and mechanical methods.
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