Abstract
Nanocomposites have become a promising area of research and development. Nanocomposites are of two types: polymer nanocomposites and clay nanocomposites. In a large field of nanotechnology the polymer nanocomposites which can increase the mechanical properties have become a prominent area of current research and development. The clay nanocomposites increase the additional properties and have dominated the polymer literature. But there are a large number of other significant areas of current and emerging interest. The nanocomposites can be used as drug carriers due to their surface and rheological properties. This review will detail the technology involved with clay-polymer based nanocomposites and also include other important areas including barrier properties, flammability resistance, biomedical applications, electrical/ electronic applications and fuel cell interest.
Highlights
Nanocomposite is a multi-phase solid material where one of the phases has one, two or three dimensions less than 100 nm
As the polymer/clay nanocomposites are a class of hybrid systems in which inorganic or organo- clay nanoparticles are dispersed in a polymer matrix
They have some interesting advantages as compared to the pure polymer, which may increase the mechanical as well as rheological properties and that may undergo good intercalation capacity offered by the clay mineral particles have been used to develop new controlled release systems [4, 24]. 5.3
Summary
Nanocomposite is a multi-phase solid material where one of the phases has one, two or three dimensions less than 100 nm. Most nanocomposites, which are of proven technological importance, are composed of two phases It may include porous, media, colloids and gels and copolymers. That means it forms a solid combination of bulk matrix and nano dimensional phases that may differ in their properties. The physical, chemical and biological properties of nano materials differ from the properties of individual atoms and molecules or bulk matter. Inorganic layered materials exist in many varieties They possess well defined, ordered intra lamellar space potentially accessible by foreign species. This ability enables them to act as matrices for polymers yielding hybrid nanocomposites. The area of the interface between the matrix and reinforcement phases is typically an order of magnitude greater than for conventional composite materials [2]
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