Role of Nano-Biotechnology in Agricultural Sector

Abstract

Nano-biotechnology applications use in various fields in the last decades, while, Nano-biotechnology has a significant role in the agricultural sector. There are various challenges facing agriculture production, particularly climate change conditions and biotic stress such as pathogens and insects, which affects negatively various crop production, particularly the horticultural crops. Nanotechnology is considered a key tool for improving agricultural production, there are numerous advantages of the application of Nano-biotechnology like target delivery of various agrochemicals for specific sites in plant tissue, enhancing plant tolerance, increase nutrient efficiency, which improves plant growth. Nanoparticles are manufactured by different techniques, while, there are two main methods to manufacture (top to down), and bottom-up. There are different unique properties of nanomaterials such as higher charge density and higher reactivity due to (High surface to volume ratio), higher penetration of plant tissues, strength, and heat resistance. There are different applications of nanotechnology in the agricultural field that include nano fertilizers, nanocides, biosensors, nano-carriers, nano herbicides, Analysis of gene expression, and application in post-harvest processing such as nano-coating materials and nano packaging. In addition application of nanotechnology in precision agriculture. Bio-Nano application in the agricultural fields sustained the environment, protecting both soil and water from pollution by agrochemicals, and increasing crop productivity.