Abstract
Loss of skeletal muscle mass and strength has recently become a hot research topic with the extension of life span and an increasingly sedentary lifestyle in modern society. Maintenance of skeletal muscle mass is considered an essential determinant of muscle strength and function. Myokines are cytokines synthesized and released by myocytes during muscular contractions. They are implicated in autocrine regulation of metabolism in the muscle as well as in the paracrine/endocrine regulation of other tissues and organs including adipose tissue, the liver, and the brain through their receptors. Till date, secretome analysis of human myocyte culture medium has revealed over 600 myokines. In this review article, we summarize our current knowledge of major identified and characterized myokines focusing on their biological activity and function, particularly in muscle mass and function.
Highlights
The muscle is a tissue composed of cells or fibers that produce force and movement of the body
We summarize our current knowledge focusing on myokines released directly by muscle contraction and their potential roles associated with skeletal muscle mass and function
Skeletal muscle-specific Akt1 transgenic mice showed skeletal muscle fiber hypertrophy with increasing Fgf21 expression in the muscle and in serum indicating that FGF21 plays an important role in regulating muscle mass (Izumiya et al, 2008)
Summary
Specialty section: This article was submitted to Striated Muscle Physiology, a section of the journal Frontiers in Physiology. Loss of skeletal muscle mass and strength has recently become a hot research topic with the extension of life span and an increasingly sedentary lifestyle in modern society. Maintenance of skeletal muscle mass is considered an essential determinant of muscle strength and function. Myokines are cytokines synthesized and released by myocytes during muscular contractions. They are implicated in autocrine regulation of metabolism in the muscle as well as in the paracrine/endocrine regulation of other tissues and organs including adipose tissue, the liver, and the brain through their receptors. We summarize our current knowledge of major identified and characterized myokines focusing on their biological activity and function, in muscle mass and function
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