Role of multidetector computed tomography in evaluation of calcaneal fracture

Abstract

Background Calcaneal fracture represents nearly 60% of fractured tarsal bones. Multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) assessment is important for excluding articular surface involvement and determining the extent of the fracture. Aim The purpose of this study was to assess the usefulness of multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) in diagnosis and classification of calcaneal fractures. Patients and methods A total of 50 patients presented to the emergency room with ankle swelling and pain following fall from height or motor car accident. They presented from January 2018 and March 2019. Their ages ranged from 24 to 64 years (mean age, 33 years). Overall, 40 cases were males and 10 were females. All patients were subjected to MDCT with three-dimensional reformatted images. Results A total of 54 calcaneal fractures were found (four extra-articular calcaneal fractures and 50 intra-articular calcaneal fractures). Overall, five fractures were type I, three were of type II, 18 were of type III, and 24 fractures were type IV according to Sanders classification. In addition, 20 fractures were tongue type and 30 fractures were joint depression type according to Essex-Lopresti classification. Moreover, four fractures were bilateral and 46 fractures were unilateral. Additionally, 40 fractures had associated soft tissue edema. Conservative management was done on three extra-articular calcaneal fractures and 29 types I and IV intra-articular fractures, whereas operative treatment was done on 21 intra-articular types II and III and one extra-articular fracture. Conclusion The use of MDCT was essential in the diagnosis, classification, and management planning of calcaneal fractures.