Abstract
Pulmonary fibrosis is the most common form of interstitial lung disease. The transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) signaling pathway is extensively involved in the development of pulmonary fibrosis by inducing cell differentiation, migration, invasion, or hyperplastic changes. Accumulating evidence indicates that microRNAs (miRNAs) are dysregulated during the initiation of pulmonary fibrosis. miRNAs are small noncoding RNAs functioning as negative regulators of gene expression at the post-transcriptional level. A number of miRNAs have been reported to regulate the TGF-β signaling pathway and consequently affect the process of pulmonary fibrosis. A better understanding of the pro-fibrotic role of the TGF-β signaling pathway and relevant miRNA regulation will shed light on biomedical research of pulmonary fibrosis. This review summarizes the current knowledge of miRNAs regulating the TGF-β signaling pathway with relevance to pulmonary fibrosis.
Highlights
Pulmonary fibrosis is a chronic, progressive, and fatal lung disease [1]. It is characterized by excessive secretion of pro-fibrotic mediators, such as transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1); aberrant activation of epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT); activation and proliferation of fibroblasts; persistence of apoptotic resistant myofibroblasts; and recruitment of inflammatory cells in the lesions
TGF-β is the main cytokine implicated in the pathogenesis of pulmonary fibrosis [2]
We summarize the roles of miRNAs that contribute to the pathology observed in pulmonary fibrosis by regulating the TGF-β signaling pathway
Summary
Pulmonary fibrosis is a chronic, progressive, and fatal lung disease [1]. It is characterized by excessive secretion of pro-fibrotic mediators, such as transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1); aberrant activation of epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT); activation and proliferation of fibroblasts; persistence of apoptotic resistant myofibroblasts; and recruitment of inflammatory cells in the lesions. We summarize the roles of miRNAs that contribute to the pathology observed in pulmonary fibrosis by regulating the TGF-β signaling pathway. 4. MicroRNA-Mediated Regulation of the TGF-β Signaling Pathway in Pulmonary Fibrosis. A number of studied microRNAs are linked to the TGF-β signaling pathway by targeting components of TGF-β signaling (Table 1) Emerging studies about their regulation of the TGF-β signaling pathway have shown the role of miRNAs in pulmonary fibrosis. 2017 [7] Zhang et al, 2017 [9] Stolzenburg et al, 2016 [22] Fierro-Fernández et al, 2015 [6] Liang et al, 2015 [23] Das et al, 2014 [24] Zeng et al, 2017 [25] Wu et al, 2016 [26] Liang et al, 2014 [27]
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