Role of Microbiota in Health and Disease

Abstract

The microbiota is a term used to describe the microorganisms that live in or on the human body. Microbiota clusters are located on the skin, in the gastrointestinal tract, mouth, vagina, and eyes. Our bodies contain trillions of microbes. Various environmental factors have a strong connection with the human health and illness and can cause intestinal microbial imbalances. The composition of this microbial population is host-specific, evolving over the course of life, vulnerable to exogenous and endogenous changes. The recent renewed interest in and function of this "organ system" underlined its central role in health and disease. The microbiota covers a variety of types of host physiology, from diet to action and stress response. The mechanisms through which microbiota has beneficial or adverse effects remain largely undetermined, but involve the production of signaling molecules and the recognition of bacterial epitopes via the immune cells both intestines and mucosa. Progress in the modelling and study of gut microbial products would increase our understanding of their health and illness functions, helping to customize current and potential therapeutic and prophylactic modalities. While several of these microbes perform functions that are vital to host physiology, they still pose the danger of breaching pathologies. Mammalian immune system plays an important role in preserving homeostasis with resident microbial species, ensuring that the host-microbial relationship's reciprocal existence is retained.