Abstract
Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) is the most produced natural fibre worldwide, and it contributes significantly to the economy of almost 80 cotton-producing countries. Given the high pest infestation, huge amounts of insecticides have been used in cotton production. However, this has resulted in the development of resistance from primary cotton pests and contamination of the environment. Furthermore, the reduction of beneficial insects and outbreaks of secondary pests have been observed. Many arthropod pests are associated with cotton, most of which belong to the orders Lepidoptera, Thysanoptera, and Hemiptera. Biocontrol agents play a critical role in preventing pests in most cotton-growing areas globally. Biological control of cotton pests forms part of integrated pest management as most of these pests have developed resistance against synthetic pesticides. This chapter focuses on the effects of some of the biopesticides, on cotton insect pests. It examines the control of cotton pests using microbial-based products Bacillus thuringiensis, Beauveria bassiana, Helicoverpa armigera nucleopolyhedrovirus and Metarhizium rileyi. Furthermore, the chapter summarizes the application of microbial biopesticides as well as the advantages and disadvantages of using these biocontrol agents in agriculture.
Highlights
Pests and diseases are estimated to cause 60% losses in cotton production throughout the world [1]
Higher concentrations of B. thuringiensis and B. bassiana had above 90% mortality of B. tabaci nymphs
B. thuringiensis has been widely reported as a biopesticide to control various insect pests [27, 41, 42]
Summary
Pests and diseases are estimated to cause 60% losses in cotton production throughout the world [1]. The development of integrated pest management strategies is required to reduce insecticide use and maximize the impact of natural enemies. Biopesticides are commonly used to manage agricultural pests through specific biological effects [14] compared to wider control of synthetic pesticides. They contain organisms or substances derived from natural resources in nature and have inhibitory effects on insect pests. Biopesticides are cheaper, take less time to develop [15], and are naturally less toxic to humans and the environment [16] compared with synthetic pesticides. They are mainly categorized into biochemical, plant, and microbial pesticides [17–19]. The chapter further explores the constraints and opportunities for the use of these biopesticides
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