Role of metallic nanoparticles in water remediation with special emphasis on sustainable synthesis: a review

Abstract

Water is the main asset of human civilization, and drinking water supplies are a fundamental human necessity. Uncontrolled population growth, however, has disrupted the natural purification process, leading to a shortage of drinking water and rapid industrialization. Many of the world’s drinking water supplies are compromised by various toxins and pathogenic microbes. Therefore, there is a dire need to treat wastewater and make it fir to drink. A range of strategies have been embraced by industries globally to treat wastewater prior to its release to the bio-network, and a number of new notions and technologies are rapidly replacing the established methods. The use of biologically synthesized metal/metal oxide nanoparticles is one of the most highly developed and proficient ways to treat wastewater. Nanoparticles possess various properties such as catalysis, antimicrobial effectiveness, metal sensing and synthetic dyes quenching. Such properties of nanoparticles were used to treat wastewater and made it suitable for various domestic as well as industrial applications. This article compiles various research carried out in the area of green synthesis of metallic nanoparticles and their application in wastewater treatment.