Role of Metallic Nanoparticles in Vaccinology: Implications for Infectious Disease Vaccine Development.

Lázaro Moreira Marques Neto,André Kipnis,Ana Paula Junqueira-Kipnis

doi:10.3389/fimmu.2017.00239

Lázaro Moreira Marques Neto, André Kipnis + Show 1 more

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2017.00239

Copy DOI

Journal: Frontiers in Immunologie	Publication Date: Mar 8, 2017
Citations: 144	License type: cc-by

Affiliation: Universidade Federal de Goiás

Abstract

Subunit vaccines are safer but less immunogenic than live-attenuated vaccines or whole cell inactivated vaccines. Adjuvants are used to enhance and modulate antigen (Ag) immunogenicity, aiming to induce a protective and long-lasting immune response. Several molecules and formulations have been studied for their adjuvanticity, but only seven have been approved to formulate human vaccines. Metallic nanoparticles (MeNPs), particularly those containing gold and iron oxides, are widely used in medicine for diagnosis and therapy and have been used as carriers for drugs and vaccines. However, little is known about the immune response elicited by MeNPs or about their importance in the development of new vaccines. There is evidence that these particles display adjuvant characteristics, promoting cell recruitment, antigen-presenting cell activation, cytokine production, and inducing a humoral immune response. This review focuses on the characteristics of MeNPs that could facilitate the induction of a cellular immune response, particularly T-helper 1 and T-helper 17, and their potential functions as adjuvants for subunit vaccines.

Highlights

Adjuvant selection for subunit vaccines is a key to increasing immunogenicity and, guiding stimulation of innate immunity and the development of the appropriate protective response to combat the microorganism of interest
This review focuses on the use of Metallic nanoparticles (MeNPs) in formulations against infectious diseases, aiming to assess progress of their use in vaccinology and their possible applications as adjuvant
C57BL/6 (H-2b) and BALB/c (H-2d) mice used for CD4+, IL-2+, and duration and avidity of total protection experiments immunoglobulin G (IgG) (IgG1, IgG2a, IgG2b, and IgG2c)

Summary

Introduction

Adjuvant selection for subunit vaccines is a key to increasing immunogenicity and, guiding stimulation of innate immunity and the development of the appropriate protective response to combat the microorganism of interest. NPs as Vaccine Adjuvant (TLR4 agonists) are immunomodulatory molecules, capable of generating a Th1 response [5].

Results

Conclusion