Role of medicinal plants as antioxidants in the treatment of oxidative stress-related human health disorders

Abstract

Oxidative stress refers to an imbalance between the production of free radicals, also known as reactive oxygen species, and the body's ability to neutralize or detoxify them within a biological system. Although free radicals are essential for several physiological functions and cell signalling, excessive production triggered by factors such as stress, xenobiotic drugs, unhealthy lifestyle habits, and poor diet can lead to oxidative stress. While the human body possesses natural defence mechanisms to counter oxidative stress to a certain extent, uncontrolled levels of free radicals can disrupt normal bodily functions, causing damage to cells and tissues. This disruption can have negative implications on the body's overall function, potentially resulting in the development of various chronic disorders. These disorders encompass inflammatory diseases, cardiovascular diseases, atherosclerosis, arthritis, cancer, neurodegenerative disorders, and diabetes, among others. Antioxidants play a pivotal role in mitigating the effects of oxidative damage. They are substances that counteract the toxic impact of free radicals within cells, thereby promoting overall health. Natural antioxidants derived from plants are particularly instrumental in reducing oxidative stress within the human body. Compounds like flavonoids and phenolics found in medicinal plants act as essential defenders against stress-induced cellular damage. Consequently, these antioxidants contribute to the treatment of stress-related ailments, including neurodegenerative problems, cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, hyperlipidaemia, atherosclerosis, and cancer – conditions that hold significant prevalence in modern-day society. Keyword: Chronic diseases, Medicinal plants, Natural antioxidants, Oxidative stress