Abstract
Solid bitumens found in veins and cracks may have formed from once liquid petroleum by thermal chemical alteration such as maturation or by oxidative processes associated with thermochemical sulfate reduction (TSR), biodegradation, or weathering. In this study, we investigated 22 solid bitumen samples from 17 different veins in the Sirnak Province in southeast Turkey using conventional and advanced geochemical tools with respect to their formation. Southeast Turkey is located in an active collision zone from the Alpine orogeny, and compressional pressure occurred with different intensities across the region, generating an overall increase in maturation from west to east. Special focus was paid to the characterization of polar compounds containing nitrogen, sulfur, and oxygen (NSO) of high molecular weight using Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry with electrospray ionization in negative ion mode (ESI-FT-ICR-MS). The results indicate that, among possible secondary processes, thermal...
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