Abstract
RNA methylation is considered a significant epigenetic modification, a process that does not alter gene sequence but may play a necessary role in multiple biological processes, such as gene expression, genome editing, and cellular differentiation. With advances in RNA detection, various forms of RNA methylation can be found, including N6-methyladenosine (m6A), N1-methyladenosine (m1A), and 5-methylcytosine (m5C). Emerging reports confirm that dysregulation of RNA methylation gives rise to a variety of human diseases, particularly hepatocellular carcinoma. We will summarize essential regulators of RNA methylation and biological functions of these modifications in coding and noncoding RNAs. In conclusion, we highlight complex molecular mechanisms of m6A, m5C, and m1A associated with hepatocellular carcinoma and hope this review might provide therapeutic potent of RNA methylation to clinical research.
Highlights
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a common global disease
Upregulated circ-KIAA1429 can be found in node metastasis status. These results indicate the fact is that KIAA1429 serves as an oncogene to further HCC invasion and migration by altering the methylation of m6A in ID2 and GATA3 mRNA (Lan T. et al, 2019; Cheng et al, 2019)
These pathways could be regulated by NSUN2 through involvement in GTPase–activating protein SH3 domain-binding protein 1 (G3BP1) binding to H19 lncRNA (Sun et al, 2020), playing an essential role in malignant progression of HCC
Summary
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a common global disease It has a poor prognosis and has become the third cause of cancer death (Couri and Pillai, 2019; Hua et al, 2019; Huang et al, 2021). As a result of affluent blood supply in the liver, tumor cells frequently proliferate at a growing rate and distant metastasis tends to appear in the early stage of cancer. Discussions that effect of these regulatory factors in RNA methylation related to pathogenesis of HCC, are constricted in clinical study. In this review we illustrate functional consequences of m6A, m5C, and m1A in diverse RNAs. Cooperatively, we focus on targeting RMPs for clinical treatment in HCC in anticipation of providing patients with more promising overall survival and brighter futures
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