Abstract
The rising field of RNA modifications is stimulating massive research nowadays. m6A, the most abundant mRNA modification is highly conserved during evolution. Through the last decade, the essential components of this dynamic mRNA modification machinery were found and classified into writer, eraser and reader proteins. m6A modification is now known to take part in diverse biological processes such as embryonic development, cell circadian rhythms and cancer stem cell proliferation. In addition, there is already firm evidence for the importance of m6A modification in stem cell differentiation and gametogenesis, both in males and females. This review attempts to summarize the important results of recent years studying the mechanism underlying stem cell differentiation and gametogenesis processes.
Highlights
Epigenetics, most commonly, refers to heritable changes in gene expression which are not linked to changes in the DNA sequence
In recent years another level of gene expression regulation is under extensive research: the field of post-transcriptional RNA modifications, known as the epitranscriptome [1]
We focus on m6A mRNA modification and its role in mammalian stem and germ cells
Summary
Epigenetics, most commonly, refers to heritable changes in gene expression which are not linked to changes in the DNA sequence. In 2012, a leap forward was made in the research of m6 A, in the form of the first-ever mapping of the sites of m6 A modification in mammals, using a novel method of RNA-IP followed by high-throughput sequencing (MeRIP-Seq/m6 A-seq) [16,17] This method helped to stress the importance of m6 A by demonstrating the conservation of its methylated sites during evolution [16,17,18,19]. Regardless of this question, in recent years new discoveries demonstrated that mRNA modifications play a role in various molecular such translation stability, long exons [16,17,20] These studies processes, showed that theas levels of m6 A efficiency, may be dynamic in localization and changing splicing, impacting cell fate [24,25,26,27,28,29,30]. Types of Modified RNA refer you to other comprehensive reviews [35,36,37]
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