Abstract
Anaerobic glycolysis advertise the production of energy under hypoxic condition (absence of oxygen), while in aerobic glycolysis, the Warburg effect gives a momentous benefit through remodeling carbohydrates seeds from production of energy to biochemical pathways. On the other side, high degree of lactate have been cooperated with feeble outcome in human tumors as well as glycolytic switch is correlated with high rate of glucose uptake and lactate production. Although lactic acid was primarily remind as indicator of the glycolytic process in which many mechanisms initiates from the study of normal tissue physiology and transported to the tumor indicating lactic acid in essence lactate anion and protons, straightly contributes to tumor growth and development. MCT1 & MCT4 monocarboxylate transporters have been justified as well-known facilitators of lactate exchanges between various cancer cells with many metabolic behaviors. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge on the role of lactic acidosis and metastasis, lactate shuttles and lactate signaling molecules.
Highlights
All phenotypic lineaments like cellular structures, expressions of gene, growth, proliferation as well as metastatic efficacy shows cancers considerable heterogeneity
A momentous dimension of pyruvate is reduced into lactate in the presence of lactate dehydrogenase-5, and NADH is oxidizing into NAD in action of anaerobic glycolysis to correct the Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase reaction by the heightened of pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 1enterprise that inhibit the pyruvate dehydrogenase activity [1, 2] through the conversion of malate into pyruvate by the presence of malic enzyme [3]
Under hypoxia condition or anaerobic glycolysis gives the chances of high glucose consumption & enormous lactic acid release
Summary
All phenotypic lineaments like cellular structures, expressions of gene, growth, proliferation as well as metastatic efficacy shows cancers considerable heterogeneity. This type of heterogeneity primarily associated to heritable changes in cancer-causing genes (oncogenes) and tumor suppressor genes. A momentous dimension of pyruvate is reduced into lactate in the presence of lactate dehydrogenase-5, and NADH is oxidizing into NAD in action of anaerobic glycolysis to correct the Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase reaction by the heightened of pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 1enterprise that inhibit the pyruvate dehydrogenase activity [1, 2] through the conversion of malate into pyruvate by the presence of malic enzyme [3]. Under hypoxia condition or anaerobic glycolysis gives the chances of high glucose consumption & enormous lactic acid release. According to Warburg effect, tumor cells mainly in advanced cancers cells might represent aerobic glycolysis [6].
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