Role of Iron Deficiency Anemia in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease

Abstract

Background: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a worldwide health problem. CKD is a progressive condition and ultimately end up with kidney failure. A normocytic, normochromic anemia is observed in CKD. The primary cause in patients with CKD is insufficient production of erythropoietin (EPO) by the diseased kidneys. Anemia is both a complication of CKD as a part of uremic syndrome and a risk factor which influences the adverse outcomes of CKD, So evaluation and management of anemia is important to prevent the progress of CKD and for the general well being of the patient. As the renal function worsens, there is a progressive increase in the percentage of CKD patients with anemia. Aims and Objectives: To determine the prevalence of iron deficiency anemia in patient with chronic kidney disease and study the effect of iron deficiency anemia on survival of CKD patients. Results: In present study the overall prevalence of iron deficiency anemia in chronic kidney disease was 42.63% whereas in males, the prevalence of iron deficiency anemia was 44.4% which was less than female patients (55.6%). The observed values of iron deficiency anemia in CKD in relation to age group, hypertension and type of iron therapy have been found satistically nonsignificant, however iron deficiency anemia outcome with sex group, stage of CKD, diabetes and dialysis therapy were found to be satistically significant. Conclusion: Iron deficiency anemia is common in CKD patients ( 42.63% ). Functional Iron deficiency is seen in 39.03%. Iron deficiency is related to stage of CKD, Sex, Diabetes mellitus, erythropoietin therapy and dialysis therapy. There was no relation of Iron deficiency anemia with age, hypertension, and type of iron therapy. However mortality was not related to iron deficiency in CKD patients.