Abstract
Toxocara canis (T.canis) is an important parasite that infects many domestic and farm animals whose economical importance cannot be neglected. The aim of the present study is to detect the hematological, biochemical and histopathological changes on kidney of rats vaccinated with two doses of gamma radiation (600Gy and 800Gy)embryonated eggs. Eighty rats were divided into four groups group I: as normal control group (-ve control), group II: received 2500 infective embryonated T. canis eggs per ml/rat orally, as control infected (+ve control), group III: received 600 Gy irradiated T.canis eggs, group IV: received 800 Gy irradiated T. canis eggs, However, at 14th day post infection, rats were re-infected (challenged) with non-irradiated infective T.canis eggs. The study showed marked histopathological changes with significant decrease of glutathione (GSH) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) and remarkable increase of lipid peroxidation (MDA) in kidney tissue of infected control group. Also, marked increase in urea, creatinine and total proteins with decrease in albumin in control infected group. Vaccinated-challenged group III and IV showed amelioration in all histopathological, biochemical and hematological changes. Radiation exposure attenuated the larval migration from the gastrointestinal tract to other organs and controls the damaging effect on the kidney. The dose of 800Gy showed better results than lower dose.
Highlights
Toxocara canis is a nematode whose biological cycle includes its definitive canine host, the environment and paratenic hosts, which include man, rats, rabbits, birds and pigs (Glickman, 1993)
The oxidative stress status was determined by measuring serum malondialdehyde (MDA) level as indicator of lipid peroxidation, erythrocytes superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione (GSH) as indicators of endogenous antioxidant enzymes level
Lipid peroxidase product has been measured showing a significant increase in Schistosoma mansoni infected mice, and values have been partially restored after antioxidant melatonin application (ElSokkary et al, 2002)
Summary
Toxocara canis is a nematode whose biological cycle includes its definitive canine host, the environment and paratenic hosts, which include man, rats, rabbits, birds and pigs (Glickman, 1993). Three clinical syndromes have been associated with Toxocara infection in humans; visceral larva migrans (VLM), ocular larva migrans (OLM) and covert toxocariasis Taylor and Holland, 2001). Potential mechanisms and roles of oxidative stress have been investigated in a number of parasitic diseases. Enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants have been reported from filarial nematodes and this group has been suggested as relatively resistant to oxidative stress (Selkirk et al, 1998). Visceral larva migrans (VLM) caused by Toxocara spp. larvae is an important systemic parasitic disease of humans. It affects most of the organs and causes responsive changes and tissue damage in infected individuals (Espinosa et al, 2002). The parasites studied for this purpose include Toxocara canis (Kamiya et al, 1987)
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