Role of ion diamagnetic effects in the generation of large scale flows in toroidal ion temperature gradient mode turbulence

Abstract

The secondary instability of large scale flows, such as zonal flows and streamers, in toroidal ion temperature gradient turbulence is investigated. It is shown that diamagnetic effects (finite pressure fluctuations), such as those for toroidal ion temperature gradient modes, significantly increase the total Reynolds force. In general, pressure fluctuations have a finite phase shift relative to the electrostatic potential. It is shown that both parts (in-phase and out-of-phase) contribute to the diamagnetic Reynolds stress tensor. Also, the out-of-phase component of the pressure fluctuations is responsible for anomalous energy flux. It is shown here, that a specific contribution of the out-of-phase component to the Reynolds stress tensor allows us to decouple zonal flow dynamics from slow evolution of the ion pressure profile. General equations for the zonal flow and streamer instabilities in toroidal ion temperature gradient turbulence are derived and the growth rates are determined.