Abstract
The isolates of Vibrio cholerae and Providencia vermicola obtained from a diarrheal patient were investigated for genetic elements governing their drug resistance phenotypes. Out of 14 antibiotics tested, V. cholerae Vc IDH02365 isolate showed resistance to nine antibiotics, while P. vermicola Pv NBA2365 was found to be resistant to all the antibiotics except polymyxin B. Though SXT integrase was depicted in both the bacteria, class 1 integron was found to be associated only with Pv NBA2365. Integrons in Pv NBA2365 conferred resistance to β-lactams, aminoglycosides, and trimethoprim. Pv NBA2365 carried two transformable plasmids imparting distinct antibiotic resistance traits to their Escherichia coli transformants. In rabbit ileal loop assays, Pv NBA2365 did not show any fluid accumulation (FA) in contrast with Vc IDH02365 that showed high FA. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of a highly drug resistant P. vermicola and additionally co-existence of multidrug resistant V. cholerae and P. vermicola. Both the microbes appeared to possess a wide array of mobile genetic elements for a large spectrum of antimicrobial agents, some of which are being used in the treatment of acute diarrhea.
Highlights
Diarrhea is one of the infectious diseases that pose a serious threat to humankind
This stab culture was obtained from the alkaline peptone water (Atlas, 2010) enriched diarrheal sample from a 37 years old male patient with acute watery diarrhea and severe dehydration admitted to the Infectious Diseases Hospital (IDH), Kolkata, India, in 2009
The procedure of obtaining patient sample and his consent was approved by the Institutional Ethical Clearance Committee, National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases (NICED), Kolkata, which conducts an active surveillance of diarrheal diseases at the IDH, Kolkata
Summary
Diarrhea is one of the infectious diseases that pose a serious threat to humankind. It still remains a common cause of illness and death in developing countries and is caused by bacteria, viruses, or parasites (Navaneethan and Giannella, 2008). There are many reports of mixed infections of V. cholerae with other diarrheal pathogens such as Shigella spp., Salmonella spp., Campylobacter spp., and viruses (Faruque et al, 1994; Enzensberger et al, 2005; Mukherjee et al, 2009). Providencia vermicola, was first isolated from infective juveniles of the entomopathogenic nematode (Somvanshi et al, 2006). The nematodes carrying P. vermicola are used as biopesticides (Young-Keun et al, 2007). The reports pertaining to the drug resistance of P. vermicola are non-existent
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