Abstract
Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory skin condition caused by a combination of hereditary and environmental factors. Its development is closely related to the adaptive immune response. T helper 17 cells are major IL-17-producing cells, a function that plays an important role in the pathogenesis of psoriasis. However, recent findings have demonstrated that innate immune cells also contribute to the development of psoriasis. Innate lymphoid cells, γδ T cells, natural killer T cells, and natural killer cells are activated in psoriasis, contributing to disease pathology through IL-17-dependent and -independent mechanisms. The present review provides an overview of recent findings, demonstrating a role for innate immunity in psoriasis.
Highlights
Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory skin disease characterized by unique skin symptoms, most commonly manifesting as erythema covered by silvery lamellar scales
ILC3s are located near lymphocytes, not near blood vessels or the epidermis, suggesting that cellular crosstalk between ILC3s and lymphocytes could be important in psoriasis pathogenesis [27]
In cultured suspensions of dermal cells stimulated with IL-23, about 90% of IL-17-producing cells are γδ T cells [49]. These findings suggest that γδ T cells are the major source of IL-17 in the IL-23-induced dermatitis mouse model (Table 1)
Summary
Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory skin disease characterized by unique skin symptoms, most commonly manifesting as erythema covered by silvery lamellar scales. In 1979, cyclosporine A was identified to be an effective psoriasis treatment [1], suggesting the involvement of T-cell immunity in psoriasis because cyclosporine A suppresses T-cell activity via the calcineurin phosphatase pathway. Cytokines secreted by T helper 1 (Th1) cells, including interferon-γ (IFN-γ) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), are increased in the psoriatic lesions and peripheral blood of psoriasis patients [4,5,6]. IL-17-producing CD4+ T cells, T helper 17 cells (Th17), were found to play a role in psoriasis [13,14]. We discuss the newly identified roles of innate immune cells in psoriasis, especially ILC3s, γδ T cells, NK cells, and NKT cells
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