Role of inflammasome component nucleotide oligomerization domain-like receptor family, pyrin domain containing 3 in predicting outcome after severe traumatic brain injury

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Objective To study the role of inflammasome component nucleotide oligomerization domain (NOD)-like receptor (NLR) family,pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) in predicting outcome after severe traumatic brain injury (sTBI).Methods Cerebral spinal fluid (CSF) samples from 20 patients with sTBI were analyzed for NLRP3 by ELISA.Outcome was assessed using the Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS) at 6th month post injury.Clinical variables and GOS were related to the levels of NLRP3 in CSF.Results Patients with sTBI exhibited significantly higher CSF levels of NLRP3 [(33.8 ± 11.6) μg/L] compared to moderate TBI patients [(11.4 ± 2.9) μg/L,P ＜ 0.01] or non-trauma controls [(1.1 ± 0.3) μg/L,P ＜0.01].The mean NLRP3 level in sTBI patients with unfavorable outcome was (42.8 ± 14.4) μg/L,significantly higher than in those with favorable outcome [(29.9 ± 7.9) μg/L,P ＜ 0.05].The expression of NLRP3 was correlated significantly with CT finding (r =0.601,P ＜ 0.01) and GOS (r =0.665,P ＜ 0.01).Conclusion NLRP3 in CSF is potential biochemical marker to assess severity and outcome of patients with sTBI. Key words: Inflammasome; Nucleotide oligomerization domain-like receptor family, pyrin domain containing 3 ; Traumatic brain injury ; Prognosis