Abstract
Purpose: To investigate the role of the interleukin (IL)-33 and ST2 pathway in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), and to further explore the critical relationships among inflammation, immunity, and cancer.Methods: From January 2014 to December 2015, paraffin-embedded sections of surgical specimens were obtained from 40 patients definitively diagnosed with NSCLC by pathological examination in Changzhou Wujin People's Hospital and Taicang Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine. Sections were further immunostained with antibodies directed against IL-33 and ST2 cardiac biomarker.Inflammatory reactions were determined by hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining. Paracancerous control sample tissues were also collected. In addition, 60 primary NSCLC patients without any complications were enrolled, and 60 healthy volunteers were enrolled at the same institutions. Serum samples of patients were collected, and protein expressions of IL-33, ST2, IL-4, and interferon (IFN)-γ were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) or western blot assay.Results: The results indicate that IL-33, ST2 and IL-4 expressions in cancer tissues and blood were significantly increased when compared with control groups.Conclusion: IL-33/ST2 in NSCLC microenvironment enhances T helper cell 2 (Th2) response, which may be beneficial for tumor growth.Keywords: Interleukin, IL-33, ST2, IL-4, non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC)
Highlights
Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer deaths both in males and females throughout the world, including China
We have shown that IL-33/ST2 in the non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) microenvironment enhanced the T helper cell 2 (Th2) cell response, which might be beneficial for tumor growth
Lung cancer tissues were lysed in radioimmunoprecipitation assay (RIPA) buffer including protease and phosphatase inhibitors, and proteins were separated by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS - PAGE) and transferred to polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) membranes
Summary
Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer deaths both in males and females throughout the world, including China. We have shown that IL-33/ST2 in the NSCLC microenvironment enhanced the Th2 cell response, which might be beneficial for tumor growth. Paracancerous tissues were collected as control samples. Noncancerous tissues at least 10 cm from the tumor were analyzed as control samples. Lung cancer tissues were lysed in radioimmunoprecipitation assay (RIPA) buffer including protease and phosphatase inhibitors, and proteins were separated by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS - PAGE) and transferred to polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) membranes. The optical density (OD) values of IL-33, IL-4, and IFN-γ from the supernatants of each group were detected after being centrifuged, while ST2 was detected from centrifuged cells These proteins were measured by a sandwich ELISA kit, according to the manufacturer’s instructions. Statistical differences between groups were computed by independent sample t-tests, with p < 0.05 considered statistically significant
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