Role of Hypertension and Obesity as Risk Factors for IHD

Abstract

Background: Hypertension and obesity are two major modifiable risk factors for CAD, most of the time there will be more than two risk factors in an IHD. Obesity itself cause insulin resistance to initiate type -2 DM. is the most common and significant RFs for IHD, and proper BP management is the cornerstone of both direct and indirect prevention. Overweight and obesity account for more than 80% of CHD patients. Obesity is sometimes viewed as a "minor" CHD RF; however, it is a widely effective risk-factor approach. A range of "major" risk factors have been proven to be significantly influenced by weight loss, including HTN, hyperlipidemia and insulin resistance/T2DM. Aim: To assess arterial hypertension and obesity as risk factors of IHD. Methods: This cross-sectional study which was done retrospectively by collecting data from database of "Scientific Research Institute of Cardiology and Internal Diseases" Almaty city, Kazakhstan during 2020. IHD confirmed by history, physical exam, angiography and other lab findings. Result: The research involved a total of 649 participants. The mean age of study population was 64.2±9.24 (P = 0,000). Mean of SBP and DBP were 180.73±34.9; 99.48±14.28 mmHg respectively. Number of females with normal BMI 50(21.6%), overweight 93(40.10%), obesity class – 1, 59(25.4%), obesity class – 2, 23(9.90%) and obesity class – 3, 7(3%), (P = 0.486). Number of males with underweight BMI 1(0.20%), normal BMI 96(23%), overweight 190(45.6%), obesity class – 1, 89(21.3%), obesity class – 2, 29(7%) and obesity class – 3, 12(2.9%). (P = 0.486). The Mean BMI in both genders was (28.72±11.79). Conclusion: The burden of CVDs and their related risk factors are significant in Almaty, posing a major public health concern. For accurate management and implementation of preventive measures in this area, effective strategies in management, education, and healthcare centers are needed.